Afghanistan is a country in Central Asia that has borders with Iran, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Also, the country has a very short border with China that has resulted from quite a strange deal between the British and the Russian Empires in the 19th century. Throughout the 1970s Afghanistan used to be quite a popular destination as the hippies would travel to India more than ever. Kabul, the Afghan capital city used to be a very hip place to hang out and party back in that period. Things have dramatically changed for the Afghan tourist since then.
Everything started in 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded and occupied the country. Ten years later the Soviet army was forced to leave Afghanistan as the anti-communist Mujahidin forces, which were supplied and trained by the United States, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and others. The Islamic Taliban movement has taken over most of the country and there is continuous violence among the various Mujahidin factions. Also, besides all the political problems the Afghan population is also confronting with continuous civil strife, enormous poverty, poor infrastructure and widespread live mines.
All these make Afghanistan an unpopular tourist destination and only the brave and the adventurous tourists venture outside Kabul or the main cities. On the other hand, the Afghan population is not particularly fond of foreigners, thus tourists are not very much welcome inside the country. Most tourists who choose to visit Afghanistan are attracted towards crossing the Khyber Pass from Pakistan and go on to Jalalabad. It is important to note that the Jalalabad city is quite safe, but the border is a little more dangerous as it is Taliban country. Once here you can go on the road that leads to Kabul, but you have to keep in mind that it is quite dangerous to venture by yourself and that attacks on foreigners have very much increased since 2003. You can however choose to travel escorted by armed Afghan people who offer their services for protection. A safe way to visit the country is to fly to Kabul and visit all the other cities by air. It is not recommended to wander around the country and the cities in the South and East should be avoided. However, cities like Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif, Heart and a few others in the North-West area are considered to be relatively safe for visitors. Please take into consideration the fact that many governments declared that traveling to Afghanistan is not safe, although it is an enchanting country with exciting culture and history.
Kabul is the capital city and is located in the center of the country. The city is considered to be Afghanistans major tourist attraction due to its day and night life, culture and sites. It is definitely the best choice to explore as, although it is considered a dangerous city in a dangerous country, the safety rates are quite high in comparison with the rest of the country. Some of the biggest attractions here is the Kabul Museum and the famous Garden of Babur. Also, the Valley of Paghman is a very beautiful place to visit, but beware that there are no busses to take you there.
Herat is another tourist attraction in Afghanistan and it is very close to the Iranian border, being the second biggest city in the country. It has always been considered a relatively safe place for travelers. Even though the Irano-Afghan relations have dropped to an all-time you can still cross the border from Iran. You will need valid passports and visas, though a visit to the State of Israel will prevent you from entering Iran. The tourist attractions in Herat are the huge defensive walls and earthworks that have been preserved since ancient times. The Friday Mosque is dating since the 10th century BC and the Gazergah monastery and mausoleum is about one thousand years old. One very interesting thing about Herat is the fact that it hosts the first women only university world wide. Today, Herat is the most important Afghan industrial center and it is also considered to be the safest city in the country.
Mazar-i-Sharif is another major tourist attraction in Afghanistan. The translation of the citys name is something like Tomb of the Chosen One and it comes from the fact that the city is hosting the tomb of Hazrat Ali, a very close relative of the prophet Mohammad. The Blue Mosque is also another tourist attraction in this city.
2007年12月29日星期六
2007年12月22日星期六
Bank deposit and lending rates again stressed Yantai people queuing up to the early morning of
Re-adjustment of the central bank's benchmark interest rates for deposits and loans in RMB, demand deposits down for the first time in five years, Hor Namhong Street in the city, and other cities in the north of the city roads, a number of banks had to be from a long row team. Public Junu:shi said: "that came after media reports to depositors, after all, 10,000 a year money to a lot of bad money?" This is the sixth meeting of central bank interest rate increase this year, the public is happy to trouble, members of the public asked: "Always to the bank depositors to queue up to get the increase after interest rates. why not for the banks depositors Zidongzhuaicun?"
Taiwan branch of the China Everbright Bank financial Phoenix when, in answer to this question, said: Based on the March 1, 1993 from the implementation of the "savings Management Ordinance," the outstanding regular savings deposits, all paid in advance, paid by listed on the Notice of demand savings deposit rate of interest paid. In other words, the deposit interest rate increase after all there is a "transfer of critical point", over this critical point, commercial banks if all deposits with interest rate adjustments Zidongzhuaicun, some depositors may be prejudicial to the interests. In addition, the current banking system does not have the policy to depositors, the banks will not easily give depositors to keep their own.
ICBC financial management division, said those remarks, depositors in interest rates should increase the impact of the financial market, it is necessary to understand more financial knowledge to a detailed count. For example: depositors must understand "to keep critical point", to the early withdrawal of time deposits, may lose interest, but lose more than they gain. Mr Lau suggested that depositors can be obtained through a number of techniques to increase interest rates on earnings, the reduction in interest rates in the demand deposits, depositors should be sufficient to stay in the lives of liquidity, appropriate increase the proportion of regular savings.
For example: in the interest rate increase is expected next year still exist, depositors a "ladder savings" more reasonable. Plan to depositors of 30,000 yuan regularly as an example, depositors can be one-year, 2-year, 3-year-deposit 10,000 yuan. After one year, will expire 10,000 yuan to keep the three-year, and so, after three years, all holders of certificates of deposit for the three-year period, the age of maturity is different, followed by a difference of one year. Mr Lau said that this approach can help people cope with the continuous change in the rate of the wholesale pearlcentral bank policy, and a higher income. wholesale pearlwholesale necklace
Taiwan branch of the China Everbright Bank financial Phoenix when, in answer to this question, said: Based on the March 1, 1993 from the implementation of the "savings Management Ordinance," the outstanding regular savings deposits, all paid in advance, paid by listed on the Notice of demand savings deposit rate of interest paid. In other words, the deposit interest rate increase after all there is a "transfer of critical point", over this critical point, commercial banks if all deposits with interest rate adjustments Zidongzhuaicun, some depositors may be prejudicial to the interests. In addition, the current banking system does not have the policy to depositors, the banks will not easily give depositors to keep their own.
ICBC financial management division, said those remarks, depositors in interest rates should increase the impact of the financial market, it is necessary to understand more financial knowledge to a detailed count. For example: depositors must understand "to keep critical point", to the early withdrawal of time deposits, may lose interest, but lose more than they gain. Mr Lau suggested that depositors can be obtained through a number of techniques to increase interest rates on earnings, the reduction in interest rates in the demand deposits, depositors should be sufficient to stay in the lives of liquidity, appropriate increase the proportion of regular savings.
For example: in the interest rate increase is expected next year still exist, depositors a "ladder savings" more reasonable. Plan to depositors of 30,000 yuan regularly as an example, depositors can be one-year, 2-year, 3-year-deposit 10,000 yuan. After one year, will expire 10,000 yuan to keep the three-year, and so, after three years, all holders of certificates of deposit for the three-year period, the age of maturity is different, followed by a difference of one year. Mr Lau said that this approach can help people cope with the continuous change in the rate of the wholesale pearlcentral bank policy, and a higher income. wholesale pearlwholesale necklace
2007年12月19日星期三
Eye LASIK Surgery - What You Really Need To Know
Eye lasik surgery is getting more and more popular these days. The reason why that many people choosing it is because you are no longer to wear eye glasses anymore. Actually, LASIK stands for Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis. Eye lasik surgery is a form of surgery which is implemented over eyes which is designed to make a specific and a permanent change to the contour of the cornea. Even the clear covering of the upper portion of the eyes can be removed through eye lasik surgery. Eye lasik surgery is done extensively with the paramount excimer laser use. it works much more effective for someone who depends alot on using spectacles or contact lenses constantly.
Even though the success rate of of Eye lasik surgery is quite high, it still has a certain amount of risk. It is much better to understand the risks and the complications of the eye lasik surgery. There are some possible risk factors related with eye lasik surgery which may lead to vision loss, continuance of glasses, severe dry eye problem, lack of proper far sighted vision etc.
In fact, before taking eye lasik surgery, you need to have a few drops of anesthetic. After that, the doctor will remove a thin flap from the eyes as it is helpful in relieving the inner portion of the tissues which covers the cornea. Next, you will be applied a cool computer proscribed pulses in the inner part of the cornea. At last, the flap which has been removed will then be placed gently gently in its original place. You may easily feel irritate at the first stage, but it is quite common and it will gradually reduce the irritation which is due to the eye lasik surgery.
After all, it is very important for you to understand all the pros and cons regarding eye lasik surgery. Try to search online for more information and get some reviews from websites. Also you can even ask for the recommendation from your friends who have tried before. of course , eye lasik surgery is really a good way to go for when you are suffering from serious sight problem, there is still some risks behind. Once you have make up your mind, remember to do research as it is all about your eyes.
Even though the success rate of of Eye lasik surgery is quite high, it still has a certain amount of risk. It is much better to understand the risks and the complications of the eye lasik surgery. There are some possible risk factors related with eye lasik surgery which may lead to vision loss, continuance of glasses, severe dry eye problem, lack of proper far sighted vision etc.
In fact, before taking eye lasik surgery, you need to have a few drops of anesthetic. After that, the doctor will remove a thin flap from the eyes as it is helpful in relieving the inner portion of the tissues which covers the cornea. Next, you will be applied a cool computer proscribed pulses in the inner part of the cornea. At last, the flap which has been removed will then be placed gently gently in its original place. You may easily feel irritate at the first stage, but it is quite common and it will gradually reduce the irritation which is due to the eye lasik surgery.
After all, it is very important for you to understand all the pros and cons regarding eye lasik surgery. Try to search online for more information and get some reviews from websites. Also you can even ask for the recommendation from your friends who have tried before. of course , eye lasik surgery is really a good way to go for when you are suffering from serious sight problem, there is still some risks behind. Once you have make up your mind, remember to do research as it is all about your eyes.
Google's use of IBM and Microsoft Apps dug corner - wholesale pearl-wholesale necklace
Network of the World - December 19 - According to foreign media reports, Google's vice president and general manager of the enterprise sector DaveGirouard recently said that GoogleApps next year's goal is to attract more big customers. Girouard said Google Apps has been as fast as possible to attract the attention of small businesses. The current goal is to win more support from large enterprises. Girouard said: "In fact, we already have a number of large enterprise customers, but our aim is that the GoogleApps Microsoft and IBM to become the application of alternative applications." Past, and large enterprises that "we in the use of SAP products.." But Girouard said that in the next few months, there will be more and more large enterprises said: "We use GoogleApps." In June, Microsoft and IBM executives have acknowledged that Google Apps has been in the enterprise market posed a threat to them. Microsoft Office platform department heads RobCurry said GoogleApps has by virtue of simple, easy-to-use features such as attracting corporate users. Curry said: "In this field, we have Google as a rival." Although IBM is Google's partners. Ali network but IBM also believes that Google will own Lotus Notes, wholesale pearl wholesale necklace applications such as a threat. KenBisconti IBM vice president, said: "Google is the core of our partners, will continue to cooperate on. Google will eventually become our competitors."wholesale pearl wholesale necklacewholesale pearl wholesale necklace wholesale pearl wholesale necklacewholesale pearl wholesale necklacewholesale pearl wholesale necklacewholesale pearl wholesale necklace
2007年12月12日星期三
北京严打涂料业“傍名牌”-“九龙华润涂料”涉嫌侵权遭查处
“傍名牌”已成为扰乱我国市场经济秩序的重要问题，也是正在进行的整顿和规范市场经济秩序的热点和难点。在国家工商总局针对全国范围内的“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为进行严厉打击的要求下，日前，北京市工商行政管理局对涂料行业出现的“傍名牌”商品进行一次突击检查，“九龙华润 ”等多种涂料品牌因涉嫌“傍名牌”被查处。 在此次专项行动中，北京房山区工商分局良乡工商所根据举报，在永林建材城和裕恒通家具建材购物中心发现一种“九龙华润”涂料。这种涂料在名称、包装和商标上都与“华润漆”相似，涉嫌侵犯广东华润涂料有限公司所拥有的“华润漆”注册商标专用权和“华润漆”外观设计专利权。工商局执法人员依法对这些涉嫌商标侵权的“九龙华润”涂料予以暂扣，并立案查处。 将行业中的知名商标注册成自己的公司商号，以便混淆公司名称与品牌名，试图使消费者误以为自己的产品与著名品牌有一定关联，从而扩大销路，获取利润，这种现象被业内称为“傍名牌”。在我国涂料行业，“傍名牌”现象由来已久。作为涂料行业中的领军品牌，“华润涂料”也成了众多“傍名牌”企业的主要目标。“华润漆”是广东华润涂料有限公司的注册商标，2006年，被相关部门认定为“中国驰名商标”。长期以来，诸如“九龙华润”这样打着“华润”字号的“伪华润”涂料品牌多达数十个。这些“伪华润”在市场上大量出现，让不知情的消费者误以为他们是广东华润涂料有限公司的分公司或者在广东顺德以外的生产基地，甚至还有的品牌以次充好，在市场上销售质量低劣的产品，从而使华润涂料的经济利益和企业形象受到巨大损失。 据悉，在此次专项行动中，北京海淀区工商分局、房山区分局、大兴区分局在各辖区内的建材市场共查获“九龙华润”、“英国华润”、“华润新世纪”、“润美”、“华润漆王”、“华润第二代”、“华润大赢家”等涉嫌侵权的木器漆共200余组，涂料300多公斤，执法人员对所有被查获的商品依法予以暂扣，目前案件正在进一步处理之中。 据了解，除“华润漆”以外，诸如“立邦漆”、“华隆涂料”、“嘉宝莉漆”等多个涂料市场的名牌产品都有过被“傍”的经历。这些知名企业纷纷表示，“傍名牌”行为使他们深受其害，希望工商部门的专项整治行动能够取得有效的成果。 据悉，北京市工商局针对涂料行业的专项整治行动由各区工商所对其辖区内的违法经营者进行查处。行动结束后，有关部门将对侵权行为进行立案审查。如果这些品牌的“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为成立，则会受到严厉惩罚。
2007年12月11日星期二
“润美漆”“英国华润涂料”“九龙华润涂料“华润新世纪”涉嫌傍名牌“华润涂料”被查处
本报讯 近日，根据国家工商总局对打击“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为专项活动的部署，北京市工商行政管理局，重拳打击涂料市场上的“傍名牌”产品，包括“英国华润”在内的涉嫌侵犯华润涂料“华润漆”商标权的“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为得到查处。 日前，北京大兴区工商分局根据举报，在大兴旧宫建材市场查获涉嫌侵权的“英国华润”涂料53箱。这些涂料涉嫌侵犯广东华润涂料有限公司所拥有的“华润漆”注册商标专用权和“华润漆”外观设计专利权，工商局执法人员依法对这些涉嫌商标侵权的“英国华润”涂料进行暂扣，并立案查处。
“华润漆”是广东华润涂料有限公司的注册商标，2006年，该商标被司法认定为“中国驰名商标”，同时，“华润漆”产品先后被国家质检总局评为“产品质量国家免检产品”、“中国名牌产品”。记者发现，在大兴区被查获的“英国华润”涂料在外观、包装、名称上都和华润涂料非常相似。致使众多不知情的消费者都误以为这是华润公司旗下的子品牌，这一“傍名牌”的行为严重侵害了广东华润涂料有限公司的合法权益。
据业内人士介绍，目前我国涂料行业“傍名牌”现象非常普遍，这些“傍名牌”产品的经营者大多采用地下作坊式生产，产品质量无法有效保证，很多是根本不符合国家标准的“不合格品”，甚至是“有毒有害产品”，严重危害了消费者的人身安全。
在此次专项行动中，海淀区工商分局、房山区分局、大兴区分局在各辖区内的建材市场共查获“英国华润”、“华润新世纪”、“九龙华润”、“润美”、“华润漆王”、“华润第二代”、“华润大赢家”等涉嫌侵权的木器漆共200余组，涂料300多公斤，执法人员对所有被查获的商品依法予以暂扣，目前案件正在进一步处理之中。
2、近日，北京市工商行政管理局根据国家工商总局打击“傍名牌”的要求，对本市涂料行业的“傍名牌”产品进行突击检查，查获各种“傍名牌”的涂料产品200余组，“华润新世纪”等多种涂料品牌因涉嫌“傍名牌”被查处。
在此次专项行动中，房山区工商分局根据举报，在辖区内马各庄建材市场发现了一种广东江门市某涂料厂生产的“华润新世纪”涂料，这种涂料在名称、包装和商标上都与获得“中国驰名商标”的“华润漆”非常相似，工商执法人员依法对这些涉嫌商标侵权的涂料进行暂扣，并立案查处。房山区工商分局经检科的刘科长表示，该涂料产品包装上突出使用了“华润”字样，容易在产品来源上造成与知名商品“华润漆”的混淆，涉嫌侵犯广东华润涂料有限公司所持有的“华润”注册商标专用权。工商执法人员在现场还发现了类似的涉嫌侵权品牌“英国华润”、“华润漆王”等涂料产品近200组，也一并予以查扣。
“华润漆”是广东华润涂料有限公司的注册商标，“华润漆”系列产品先后被国家质检总局评为“国家免检产品”和“中国名牌产品”，去年还被司法认定为“中国驰名商标”。
将行业中的知名商标注册成自己的公司商号，以便混淆公司名称与品牌名，试图使消费者误以为自己的产品与著名品牌有一定关联，从而扩大销路，获取利润，这种现象被业内称为“傍名牌”。近年来，涂料行业的“傍名牌”现象愈演愈烈，有的使用著名企业的名称或其中的部分关键字眼作为自己产品的名称，有的是外包装与名牌产品基本一样，有的是将知名企业的商标作为自己商号在境外登记或抢先注册，令不少消费者无法分辨。作为中国华润涂料市场的领军品牌，“华润漆”成为众多“傍名牌”不法企业的主要目标，仅在北京市场上，诸如“华润新世纪”这样打着“华润”字号的品牌多达十几种，这些质量完全没有保障的产品不仅损害了消费者的利益，而且大大损害了广东华润涂料有限公司的经济利益和企业形象。
记者从北京市工商局处获悉，本次针对涂料行业的专项整治行动将由各区陆续在辖区内开展，并且对侵权行为进行立案审查，如果这些品牌“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为成立，则会受到《反不正当竞争法》、《商标法》、《企业名称登记管理规定》等有关法律条款的严厉惩罚，以保持市场的健康发展。华润涂料 华润涂料 华润涂料 华润涂料
3、近日，北京市工商行政管理局根据国家工商总局打击“傍名牌”的要求，对本市涂料行业的“傍名牌”产品进行突击检查，查获各种“傍名牌”的涂料产品200余组，“华润新世纪”等多种涂料品牌因涉嫌“傍名牌”被查处。 在此次专项行动中，房山区工商分局根据举报，在辖区内马各庄建材市场发现了一种广东江门市某涂料厂生产的“华润新世纪”涂料，这种涂料在名称、包装和商标上都与获得“中国驰名商标”的“华润漆”非常相似，工商执法人员依法对这些涉嫌商标侵权的涂料进行暂扣，并立案查处。房山区工商分局经检科的刘科长表示，该涂料产品包装上突出使用了“华润”字样，容易在产品来源上造成与知名商品“华润漆”的混淆，涉嫌侵犯广东华润涂料有限公司所持有的“华润”注册商标专用权。工商执法人员在现场还发现了类似的涉嫌侵权品牌“英国华润”、“华润漆王”等涂料产品近200组，也一并予以查扣。 “华润漆”是广东华润涂料有限公司的注册商标，“华润漆”系列产品先后被国家质检总局评为“国家免检产品”和“中国名牌产品”，去年还被司法认定为“中国驰名商标”。 将行业中的知名商标注册成自己的公司商号，以便混淆公司名称与品牌名，试图使消费者误以为自己的产品与著名品牌有一定关联，从而扩大销路，获取利润，这种现象被业内称为“傍名牌”。近年来，涂料行业的“傍名牌”现象愈演愈烈，有的使用著名企业的名称或其中的部分关键字眼作为自己产品的名称，有的是外包装与名牌产品基本一样，有的是将知名企业的商标作为自己商号在境外登记或抢先注册，令不少消费者无法分辨。作为中国涂料市场的领军品牌，“华润漆”成为众多“傍名牌”不法企业的主要目标，仅在北京市场上，诸如“华润新世纪”这样打着“华润”字号的品牌多达十几种，这些质量完全没有保障的产品不仅损害了消费者的利益，而且大大损害了广东华润涂料有限公司的经济利益和企业形象。 记者从北京市工商局处获悉，本次针对涂料行业的专项整治行动将由各区陆续在辖区内开展，并且对侵权行为进行立案审查，如果这些品牌“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为成立，则会受到《反不正当竞争法》、《商标法》、《企业名称登记管理规定》等有关法律条款的严厉惩罚，以保持市场的健康发展。
4、本报讯 近日，根据国家工商总局对打击“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为专项活动的部署，北京市工商行政管理局，重拳打击涂料市场上的“傍名牌”产品，包括“英国华润”在内的涉嫌侵犯华润涂料“华润漆”商标权的“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为得到查处。 日前，北京大兴区工商分局根据举报，在大兴旧宫建材市场查获涉嫌侵权的“英国华润”涂料53箱。这些涂料涉嫌侵犯广东华润涂料有限公司所拥有的“华润漆”注册商标专用权和“华润漆”外观设计专利权，工商局执法人员依法对这些涉嫌商标侵权的“英国华润”涂料进行暂扣，并立案查处。 “华润漆”是广东华润涂料有限公司的注册商标，2006年，该商标被司法认定为“中国驰名商标”，同时，“华润漆”产品先后被国家质检总局评为“产品质量国家免检产品”、“中国名牌产品”。记者发现，在大兴区被查获的“英国华润”涂料在外观、包装、名称上都和华润涂料非常相似。致使众多不知情的消费者都误以为这是华润公司旗下的子品牌，这一“傍名牌”的行为严重侵害了广东华润涂料有限公司的合法权益。 据业内人士介绍，目前我国涂料行业“傍名牌”现象非常普遍，这些“傍名牌”产品的经营者大多采用地下作坊式生产，产品质量无法有效保证，很多是根本不符合国家标准的“不合格品”，甚至是“有毒有害产品”，严重危害了消费者的人身安全。 在此次专项行动中，海淀区工商分局、房山区分局、大兴区分局在各辖区内的建材市场共查获“英国华润”、“华润新世纪”、“九龙华润”、“润美”、“华润漆王”、“华润第二代”、“华润大赢家”等涉嫌侵权的木器漆共200余组，涂料300多公斤，执法人员对所有被查获的商品依法予以暂扣，目前案件正在进一步处理之中。
“华润漆”是广东华润涂料有限公司的注册商标，2006年，该商标被司法认定为“中国驰名商标”，同时，“华润漆”产品先后被国家质检总局评为“产品质量国家免检产品”、“中国名牌产品”。记者发现，在大兴区被查获的“英国华润”涂料在外观、包装、名称上都和华润涂料非常相似。致使众多不知情的消费者都误以为这是华润公司旗下的子品牌，这一“傍名牌”的行为严重侵害了广东华润涂料有限公司的合法权益。
据业内人士介绍，目前我国涂料行业“傍名牌”现象非常普遍，这些“傍名牌”产品的经营者大多采用地下作坊式生产，产品质量无法有效保证，很多是根本不符合国家标准的“不合格品”，甚至是“有毒有害产品”，严重危害了消费者的人身安全。
在此次专项行动中，海淀区工商分局、房山区分局、大兴区分局在各辖区内的建材市场共查获“英国华润”、“华润新世纪”、“九龙华润”、“润美”、“华润漆王”、“华润第二代”、“华润大赢家”等涉嫌侵权的木器漆共200余组，涂料300多公斤，执法人员对所有被查获的商品依法予以暂扣，目前案件正在进一步处理之中。
2、近日，北京市工商行政管理局根据国家工商总局打击“傍名牌”的要求，对本市涂料行业的“傍名牌”产品进行突击检查，查获各种“傍名牌”的涂料产品200余组，“华润新世纪”等多种涂料品牌因涉嫌“傍名牌”被查处。
在此次专项行动中，房山区工商分局根据举报，在辖区内马各庄建材市场发现了一种广东江门市某涂料厂生产的“华润新世纪”涂料，这种涂料在名称、包装和商标上都与获得“中国驰名商标”的“华润漆”非常相似，工商执法人员依法对这些涉嫌商标侵权的涂料进行暂扣，并立案查处。房山区工商分局经检科的刘科长表示，该涂料产品包装上突出使用了“华润”字样，容易在产品来源上造成与知名商品“华润漆”的混淆，涉嫌侵犯广东华润涂料有限公司所持有的“华润”注册商标专用权。工商执法人员在现场还发现了类似的涉嫌侵权品牌“英国华润”、“华润漆王”等涂料产品近200组，也一并予以查扣。
“华润漆”是广东华润涂料有限公司的注册商标，“华润漆”系列产品先后被国家质检总局评为“国家免检产品”和“中国名牌产品”，去年还被司法认定为“中国驰名商标”。
将行业中的知名商标注册成自己的公司商号，以便混淆公司名称与品牌名，试图使消费者误以为自己的产品与著名品牌有一定关联，从而扩大销路，获取利润，这种现象被业内称为“傍名牌”。近年来，涂料行业的“傍名牌”现象愈演愈烈，有的使用著名企业的名称或其中的部分关键字眼作为自己产品的名称，有的是外包装与名牌产品基本一样，有的是将知名企业的商标作为自己商号在境外登记或抢先注册，令不少消费者无法分辨。作为中国华润涂料市场的领军品牌，“华润漆”成为众多“傍名牌”不法企业的主要目标，仅在北京市场上，诸如“华润新世纪”这样打着“华润”字号的品牌多达十几种，这些质量完全没有保障的产品不仅损害了消费者的利益，而且大大损害了广东华润涂料有限公司的经济利益和企业形象。
记者从北京市工商局处获悉，本次针对涂料行业的专项整治行动将由各区陆续在辖区内开展，并且对侵权行为进行立案审查，如果这些品牌“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为成立，则会受到《反不正当竞争法》、《商标法》、《企业名称登记管理规定》等有关法律条款的严厉惩罚，以保持市场的健康发展。华润涂料 华润涂料 华润涂料 华润涂料
3、近日，北京市工商行政管理局根据国家工商总局打击“傍名牌”的要求，对本市涂料行业的“傍名牌”产品进行突击检查，查获各种“傍名牌”的涂料产品200余组，“华润新世纪”等多种涂料品牌因涉嫌“傍名牌”被查处。 在此次专项行动中，房山区工商分局根据举报，在辖区内马各庄建材市场发现了一种广东江门市某涂料厂生产的“华润新世纪”涂料，这种涂料在名称、包装和商标上都与获得“中国驰名商标”的“华润漆”非常相似，工商执法人员依法对这些涉嫌商标侵权的涂料进行暂扣，并立案查处。房山区工商分局经检科的刘科长表示，该涂料产品包装上突出使用了“华润”字样，容易在产品来源上造成与知名商品“华润漆”的混淆，涉嫌侵犯广东华润涂料有限公司所持有的“华润”注册商标专用权。工商执法人员在现场还发现了类似的涉嫌侵权品牌“英国华润”、“华润漆王”等涂料产品近200组，也一并予以查扣。 “华润漆”是广东华润涂料有限公司的注册商标，“华润漆”系列产品先后被国家质检总局评为“国家免检产品”和“中国名牌产品”，去年还被司法认定为“中国驰名商标”。 将行业中的知名商标注册成自己的公司商号，以便混淆公司名称与品牌名，试图使消费者误以为自己的产品与著名品牌有一定关联，从而扩大销路，获取利润，这种现象被业内称为“傍名牌”。近年来，涂料行业的“傍名牌”现象愈演愈烈，有的使用著名企业的名称或其中的部分关键字眼作为自己产品的名称，有的是外包装与名牌产品基本一样，有的是将知名企业的商标作为自己商号在境外登记或抢先注册，令不少消费者无法分辨。作为中国涂料市场的领军品牌，“华润漆”成为众多“傍名牌”不法企业的主要目标，仅在北京市场上，诸如“华润新世纪”这样打着“华润”字号的品牌多达十几种，这些质量完全没有保障的产品不仅损害了消费者的利益，而且大大损害了广东华润涂料有限公司的经济利益和企业形象。 记者从北京市工商局处获悉，本次针对涂料行业的专项整治行动将由各区陆续在辖区内开展，并且对侵权行为进行立案审查，如果这些品牌“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为成立，则会受到《反不正当竞争法》、《商标法》、《企业名称登记管理规定》等有关法律条款的严厉惩罚，以保持市场的健康发展。
4、本报讯 近日，根据国家工商总局对打击“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为专项活动的部署，北京市工商行政管理局，重拳打击涂料市场上的“傍名牌”产品，包括“英国华润”在内的涉嫌侵犯华润涂料“华润漆”商标权的“傍名牌”不正当竞争行为得到查处。 日前，北京大兴区工商分局根据举报，在大兴旧宫建材市场查获涉嫌侵权的“英国华润”涂料53箱。这些涂料涉嫌侵犯广东华润涂料有限公司所拥有的“华润漆”注册商标专用权和“华润漆”外观设计专利权，工商局执法人员依法对这些涉嫌商标侵权的“英国华润”涂料进行暂扣，并立案查处。 “华润漆”是广东华润涂料有限公司的注册商标，2006年，该商标被司法认定为“中国驰名商标”，同时，“华润漆”产品先后被国家质检总局评为“产品质量国家免检产品”、“中国名牌产品”。记者发现，在大兴区被查获的“英国华润”涂料在外观、包装、名称上都和华润涂料非常相似。致使众多不知情的消费者都误以为这是华润公司旗下的子品牌，这一“傍名牌”的行为严重侵害了广东华润涂料有限公司的合法权益。 据业内人士介绍，目前我国涂料行业“傍名牌”现象非常普遍，这些“傍名牌”产品的经营者大多采用地下作坊式生产，产品质量无法有效保证，很多是根本不符合国家标准的“不合格品”，甚至是“有毒有害产品”，严重危害了消费者的人身安全。 在此次专项行动中，海淀区工商分局、房山区分局、大兴区分局在各辖区内的建材市场共查获“英国华润”、“华润新世纪”、“九龙华润”、“润美”、“华润漆王”、“华润第二代”、“华润大赢家”等涉嫌侵权的木器漆共200余组，涂料300多公斤，执法人员对所有被查获的商品依法予以暂扣，目前案件正在进一步处理之中。
2007年12月9日星期日
Things you should know before buying digital camera
If you are looking to buy a digital camera, you should properly educate yourself about all the different aspects of digital cameras. There are many types of digital cameras out there all with different features, so you should first ask yourself a few questions before actually spending several hundred dollars on your big purchase.
1. What exactly are you going to be using the camera for?
2. Will it be used as part of your job or will you use it for recreational purposes?
3. Should you buy a mini digital camera or should you look for a standard size digital camera?
4. How much money are you willing to spend and what is your budget for your digital camera expenses?
Remember, the camera itself is just one part of the cost; you still need to pay for batteries, computer cables, and memory and media types for storing your pictures and video.
Some other things you should keep in mind when trying to select a suitable digital camera are the weight of the camera and the look and feel of the digital camera. If you need to take the digital camera with you during your daily routine or job, you should make sure that it will not get in the way of whatever it is that you need to do. Another important aspect of digital cameras that you should be aware of is the zoom function.
There are two basic types of zoom, optical zoom and digital zoom. Optical zoom is the type of zoom where you press a button and the lens physically moves around in order to zoom in or out. This is the zoom method that you are probably the most familiar with. The other type of zoom is known as digital zoom.
Digital zoom is a new method of zoom that has been introduced with the invention of digital cameras and does not rely on any moving parts. It basically crops the photo you take and then enlarges it, which in effect creates a type of optical zoom effect. Generally speaking, you should try to use optical zoom over digital zoom, since digital zoom reduces picture quality by a great deal in most cases.
If the reason that you want to buy a digital camera is for recreational purposes only, you should consider the option of buying a mini digital camera. Generally speaking, mini digital cameras are not as powerful as your standard size cameras, but they have several advantages. Obviously, they are portable and very convenient to bring along with you on your travels. Most mini digital cameras will fit in your pocket without a problem, whereas standard size digital cameras can be quite bulky and awkward to carry around at times.
Another benefit of having a mini digital camera is the fact that they are great to show off to your friends and family. They make great conversation starters and if anyone sees you taking a picture with a tiny digital camera, odds are that they will stop to chat with you a bit about the price and specifications of your camera. Finally, mini digital camera accessories are a bit cheaper than standard sized accessories so you can expect so save a bit of money when buying your accessories.
1. What exactly are you going to be using the camera for?
2. Will it be used as part of your job or will you use it for recreational purposes?
3. Should you buy a mini digital camera or should you look for a standard size digital camera?
4. How much money are you willing to spend and what is your budget for your digital camera expenses?
Remember, the camera itself is just one part of the cost; you still need to pay for batteries, computer cables, and memory and media types for storing your pictures and video.
Some other things you should keep in mind when trying to select a suitable digital camera are the weight of the camera and the look and feel of the digital camera. If you need to take the digital camera with you during your daily routine or job, you should make sure that it will not get in the way of whatever it is that you need to do. Another important aspect of digital cameras that you should be aware of is the zoom function.
There are two basic types of zoom, optical zoom and digital zoom. Optical zoom is the type of zoom where you press a button and the lens physically moves around in order to zoom in or out. This is the zoom method that you are probably the most familiar with. The other type of zoom is known as digital zoom.
Digital zoom is a new method of zoom that has been introduced with the invention of digital cameras and does not rely on any moving parts. It basically crops the photo you take and then enlarges it, which in effect creates a type of optical zoom effect. Generally speaking, you should try to use optical zoom over digital zoom, since digital zoom reduces picture quality by a great deal in most cases.
If the reason that you want to buy a digital camera is for recreational purposes only, you should consider the option of buying a mini digital camera. Generally speaking, mini digital cameras are not as powerful as your standard size cameras, but they have several advantages. Obviously, they are portable and very convenient to bring along with you on your travels. Most mini digital cameras will fit in your pocket without a problem, whereas standard size digital cameras can be quite bulky and awkward to carry around at times.
Another benefit of having a mini digital camera is the fact that they are great to show off to your friends and family. They make great conversation starters and if anyone sees you taking a picture with a tiny digital camera, odds are that they will stop to chat with you a bit about the price and specifications of your camera. Finally, mini digital camera accessories are a bit cheaper than standard sized accessories so you can expect so save a bit of money when buying your accessories.
Vital Tips for Document Scanning Software Buyers
The requirement to save paper and control the management of workflow documents and images continues to be driven by two main methods: managing costs through efficiency and managing environmental concerns through technology. The need is therefore continuous and ongoing, to ensure the correct acquisition of document scanning software with functions which fit the purpose. This summary highlights some important considerations when buying such software.
Categories of Document Scanning Software
Document scanning solutions fall in to one or more of the following categories by function. These are
1) Ad-hoc scanning of individual documents into computer files
2) Desktop batch scanning of documents to network files or to a document management system
3) High-volume, multi-user scanning of documents to document management system
4) Automated indexing of documents from multifunctional printers, network scanners or distributed capture
5) Applications which automate data entry tasks using handprint recognition and dynamic Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to capture data from images
Which Scanning Software Features?
The key to the best practice and most efficient document scanning is to specify as many automation features as possible to eliminate manual indexing and at the same time make all documents fully searchable.
An excellent way to achieve this is with barcodes. Barcodes can be recognised with a very high rate of speed and accuracy and a minimal possibility of false positives.
Another way is via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) which can be used to read indexes from machine print on scanned images. It's not as quick as barcodes, and the recognition rate is not as high, but it has the advantage with documents that were not designed with scanning in mind.
An efficient user-friendly interface design will also save you time in setting up, training staff and supporting the document scanning application. Clearly, staff will respond better to any work pattern changes with a more efficient interface for their daily work. For this reason the user experience must be a paramount consideration..
Other Key Scanning Software Features
Features and areas requiring attention and comparison between software brands are:
License Type: Is the license server or workstation based? Do any monthly page limits apply?
Platforms: Presently, almost all batch scanning system is limited to the Windows user environment.
Export Capabilities: How is index data exported? Keywords can be used to organize images into logical folders and filenames on a network, for example. Alternatively it can be exported to delimited text files for import into other software systems. Or again, it can be added directly to an ODBC or OleDB database.
Scanner Support: Almost all scanners support TWAIN drivers. These days, ISIS drivers are also supplied with most document scanners available. Real-time image enhancement on scanned images is supplied by Kofax - native support for Adrenaline image processing boards.
Categories of Document Scanning Software
Document scanning solutions fall in to one or more of the following categories by function. These are
1) Ad-hoc scanning of individual documents into computer files
2) Desktop batch scanning of documents to network files or to a document management system
3) High-volume, multi-user scanning of documents to document management system
4) Automated indexing of documents from multifunctional printers, network scanners or distributed capture
5) Applications which automate data entry tasks using handprint recognition and dynamic Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to capture data from images
Which Scanning Software Features?
The key to the best practice and most efficient document scanning is to specify as many automation features as possible to eliminate manual indexing and at the same time make all documents fully searchable.
An excellent way to achieve this is with barcodes. Barcodes can be recognised with a very high rate of speed and accuracy and a minimal possibility of false positives.
Another way is via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) which can be used to read indexes from machine print on scanned images. It's not as quick as barcodes, and the recognition rate is not as high, but it has the advantage with documents that were not designed with scanning in mind.
An efficient user-friendly interface design will also save you time in setting up, training staff and supporting the document scanning application. Clearly, staff will respond better to any work pattern changes with a more efficient interface for their daily work. For this reason the user experience must be a paramount consideration..
Other Key Scanning Software Features
Features and areas requiring attention and comparison between software brands are:
License Type: Is the license server or workstation based? Do any monthly page limits apply?
Platforms: Presently, almost all batch scanning system is limited to the Windows user environment.
Export Capabilities: How is index data exported? Keywords can be used to organize images into logical folders and filenames on a network, for example. Alternatively it can be exported to delimited text files for import into other software systems. Or again, it can be added directly to an ODBC or OleDB database.
Scanner Support: Almost all scanners support TWAIN drivers. These days, ISIS drivers are also supplied with most document scanners available. Real-time image enhancement on scanned images is supplied by Kofax - native support for Adrenaline image processing boards.
Document Scanning and Management Systems: A Review
Document management systems let businesses store and search digital documents, whether they are scanned images or MS Office documents, PDF files or CAD drawings. Some have a web-based interface to let you view files online, while others have an installed client application for better speed and functionality. All of these solutions require a central database and storage server to hold the files and index information used for searching.
These document management systems require a few days in planning, installation, configuring and training. This is definitely time well spent, ensuring that a correct and optimal implementation at the outset will revolutionise the way in which any company works with its records.
This review highlights a range of proprietary document scanning and document management software, with key functions which they offer.
Systems to Store, Search and View Documents
PaperVision by DigiTech and CompuThink's ViewWise both provide fully featured, HIPAA-compliant (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) document management systems. Both of these systems can grow with company needs, and are affordable enough for small businesses yet powerful enough for large corporations too. Each offers some benefits that the other does not.
To take PaperVision first: this software suite includes a customisable application for searching and viewing, as well as a web interface. PaperVision also has workflow and report management modules which boost any return on investment by allowing the automation of document processes and eliminating pre-printed forms.
A "lite" version called PaperVision XPress offers a similar search interface as PaperVision Enterprise, but comes in at a lower cost, without the extra scalability, security and options.
The other fully featured in-house system featured here is ViewWise. This system is unique in that it is Java-based and can run on Windows/SQL Server as well as Novell, UNIX and Linux operating systems and Oracle database servers. ViewWise also has several key differences in the layout of its user-interface that many users prefer. This includes a folder view for browsing documents.
For a simple, low cost scanning front end for these document storage and retrieval systems, an interesting product is SimpleIndex ' which complements both. SimpleIndex is designed to interface directly with both PaperVision and ViewWise, and so provides a simple, low-cost automatic scanning front-end.
In fact, SimpleIndex also includes its own low-cost searching and viewing application that can be used for basic document management tasks, and so SimpleIndex can be used as a standalone document management system, or added to allow the search and viewing of documents on other workstations.
Another document management product is DocuLex WebSearch. This system is a different in that it can automatically index all documents folder contents, similar to the way in which Google Desktop operates. Networked users are able to search on values in filenames, file properties or document contents. Additionally, users can access files via a website ' a big advantage for remote workers operating outside the confines of the office building.
These document management systems require a few days in planning, installation, configuring and training. This is definitely time well spent, ensuring that a correct and optimal implementation at the outset will revolutionise the way in which any company works with its records.
This review highlights a range of proprietary document scanning and document management software, with key functions which they offer.
Systems to Store, Search and View Documents
PaperVision by DigiTech and CompuThink's ViewWise both provide fully featured, HIPAA-compliant (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) document management systems. Both of these systems can grow with company needs, and are affordable enough for small businesses yet powerful enough for large corporations too. Each offers some benefits that the other does not.
To take PaperVision first: this software suite includes a customisable application for searching and viewing, as well as a web interface. PaperVision also has workflow and report management modules which boost any return on investment by allowing the automation of document processes and eliminating pre-printed forms.
A "lite" version called PaperVision XPress offers a similar search interface as PaperVision Enterprise, but comes in at a lower cost, without the extra scalability, security and options.
The other fully featured in-house system featured here is ViewWise. This system is unique in that it is Java-based and can run on Windows/SQL Server as well as Novell, UNIX and Linux operating systems and Oracle database servers. ViewWise also has several key differences in the layout of its user-interface that many users prefer. This includes a folder view for browsing documents.
For a simple, low cost scanning front end for these document storage and retrieval systems, an interesting product is SimpleIndex ' which complements both. SimpleIndex is designed to interface directly with both PaperVision and ViewWise, and so provides a simple, low-cost automatic scanning front-end.
In fact, SimpleIndex also includes its own low-cost searching and viewing application that can be used for basic document management tasks, and so SimpleIndex can be used as a standalone document management system, or added to allow the search and viewing of documents on other workstations.
Another document management product is DocuLex WebSearch. This system is a different in that it can automatically index all documents folder contents, similar to the way in which Google Desktop operates. Networked users are able to search on values in filenames, file properties or document contents. Additionally, users can access files via a website ' a big advantage for remote workers operating outside the confines of the office building.
2007年12月7日星期五
5 Tips to Help You Buy a Digital Camera
Buying a digital camera can turned into a difficult task. With hundred of cameras to choose from, its easy to get confused. The key to finding the perfect camera for your budget is to know a few things about what youre looking for. Use these tips to help you navigate through the world of digital photography and by the camera thats perfect for you. Decide on a Purpose: Why are you purchasing a camera? Is it for digital memories or masterpieces? In other words, are you buying a camera to take pictures of for yourself or are you taking pictures for professional reasons. There are many great compact cameras that are easy to travel or keep at home for spur of the moment pictures. There is also a great selection of cameras that are made for more professional or artistic photography. The more professional cameras are more expensive and will often have features you dont need and will never use. Shop Around: Different retailers will offer different specials, packages, and prices, so check out different stores and do some comparison shopping. Shopping around doesnt mean you have to drive from store to store; most major retailers will have websites listing products, prices, and any specials they may have. Use the money you saved to buy accessories that will come in handy. Digital or Optical: When purchasing your camera you will need to choose between optical and digital zoom. When at all possible, choose a camera that offers optical zoom. Digital zoom is a computer based image of what your picture should look like when you zoom in. This often creates a blurry or grainy effect when you try to enlarge pictures. Optical zoom provides a true image of the whether your zoom in or zoom out. Base your purchase on your purpose. If you are a photographer and you need to be able to zoom in and out while keeping a clear picture, choose the optical zoom. How Much Media do You Need: Your camera will most likely use up the available media memory. This is a case of bigger is definitely better. Even if you purchase a camera with a lot of memory its still a good idea to purchase at least one memory card. Again, if youre planning on taking professional quality pictures, you definitely will need to purchase back up memory. Higher quality pictures or pictures with more megapixels will take up more memory. Look for Pre Programmed Scene Modes: Scene modes are setting that prepare your camera for certain conditions. For example, you will be able to pick scene modes that will improve pictures taken at night or action pictures like sporting events. These modes are especially helpful for individuals who are just beginning their journey through digital photography. In a way, pre programmed scene modes are digital camera training wheels to help you learn to take great pictures. With a simple flick of a switch or turn of a knob youll be able to improve your pictures depending on your setting.
What is Computer Memory?
Many people ask themselves "What is computer memory?" and with good reason. Computer memory can be a difficult concept to understand for most people. There are only two types of memory Ram memory and hard drive memory.
What is Computer Memory? Ram memory
"what is computer memory?" in reference to RAM memory. Ram memory is also known as random access memory and it stores information that the processor on your computer uses. Ram memory is made up of a module that has integrated circuits on it. The integrated circuits store information on them and that information can be accessed by the CPU in any way or form, that is why it is called random. The memory can be accessed in any way without moving or changing the module in any way. The only problem with RAM memory is that the moment the computer is shut down that memory is lost.
Unlike data previous data storage methods ram memory can pull data from any location within the circuits and other methods like tapes and magnetic disks require physical amount of the data or an optical reading unit.
Ram can also be written to, so essentially it can read as well as right. The problem is that ram memory loses its data as soon as the computer is shut down. This is where the computers flash memory or rom memory comes into play.
What is Computer Memory?- Rom Memory
Rom memory are small circuits of memory that are stored on the motherboard itself. Rom memory holds all the data that a computer needs to initiate and to start up. Rom memory is read only memory, so it cannot be changed and can only be read, that is why it generally only holds the firmware that the hardware needs to start. Rom memory only holds information that is not likely to change any time soon.
What is Computer Memory Hard Drive Space
Most people that use the computer, but dont understand how the computer works or what is computer memory. They think that Ram memory and Hard drive space are the same thing. In reality a hard drive is a metal platter that spins inside a metal case. As it spins the head can read and write information. So the hard drive is used to store long term and large files that can be accessed at a future time. Because ram memory cannot store anything, we use the hard drive to store information we need to access on another occasion.
It is a mistake that most people make when they refer to the hard drive as memory. In reality the hard drive is only a storage device.
What is Computer Memory and How Much do we Need?
Now that we have established that the hard drive is not and does not have anything to do with memory it is easier to realize the importance that ram memory has in our computer. That is why when you are choosing a new computer you should buy a computer that has as much Ram memory as possible.
What is Computer Memory? Ram memory
"what is computer memory?" in reference to RAM memory. Ram memory is also known as random access memory and it stores information that the processor on your computer uses. Ram memory is made up of a module that has integrated circuits on it. The integrated circuits store information on them and that information can be accessed by the CPU in any way or form, that is why it is called random. The memory can be accessed in any way without moving or changing the module in any way. The only problem with RAM memory is that the moment the computer is shut down that memory is lost.
Unlike data previous data storage methods ram memory can pull data from any location within the circuits and other methods like tapes and magnetic disks require physical amount of the data or an optical reading unit.
Ram can also be written to, so essentially it can read as well as right. The problem is that ram memory loses its data as soon as the computer is shut down. This is where the computers flash memory or rom memory comes into play.
What is Computer Memory?- Rom Memory
Rom memory are small circuits of memory that are stored on the motherboard itself. Rom memory holds all the data that a computer needs to initiate and to start up. Rom memory is read only memory, so it cannot be changed and can only be read, that is why it generally only holds the firmware that the hardware needs to start. Rom memory only holds information that is not likely to change any time soon.
What is Computer Memory Hard Drive Space
Most people that use the computer, but dont understand how the computer works or what is computer memory. They think that Ram memory and Hard drive space are the same thing. In reality a hard drive is a metal platter that spins inside a metal case. As it spins the head can read and write information. So the hard drive is used to store long term and large files that can be accessed at a future time. Because ram memory cannot store anything, we use the hard drive to store information we need to access on another occasion.
It is a mistake that most people make when they refer to the hard drive as memory. In reality the hard drive is only a storage device.
What is Computer Memory and How Much do we Need?
Now that we have established that the hard drive is not and does not have anything to do with memory it is easier to realize the importance that ram memory has in our computer. That is why when you are choosing a new computer you should buy a computer that has as much Ram memory as possible.
VoIP Service - the best way to move forward
Communication as we all know is an integral part of our life; something which we just can not function without. World has started shrinking with people having friends, relatives, business clients, dealers et cetera from worldwide. International calling or long distance calling is a lot expensive with traditional fixed line telephones that we have been using for more than a decade now. With this change has come a definite change in the way people view communication resulting in the need for a cheaper telephony.
Internet is one mode of connecting people. It has brought people from across the globe much closer. Gone are the days when you would use inland letters for expressing your feelings for your beloved or sending important information to a client from overseas. World wide web has brought about a revolution in the field of telecommunication by providing a platform for VoIP telephony.
VoIP service or voice over Internet protocol utilises Internet for call termination unlike fixed line phones or PSTN (public switch telephony network) which transmits calls via optical fiber wires. Few basics of this service are given below.
1. It works on packet switching capabilities and not circuit based thereby it is much more efficient than fixed line telephone network. Packet switching capabilities mean that it helps the voice packets take the route which is least congested. As a result there is no issue of latency or jitters.
2. VoIP call termination service uses a single network for terminating voice, video and data. As a result the resources are better utilised.
3. Since it functions mainly on the Internet which is relatively much cheaper than cables which have to be put across different locations to enable calling, the call tariff is very less. You can end up saving more than half of what you pay right now as your telephony bill!
4. With minimum hardware required by VoIP services, the cost of operations is further reduced.
Switching over to voice over IP is undoubtedly a great idea. However one should always do proper research by reading VoIP service reviews for instance, before selecting any particular VoIP service provider to ensure consistent and hassle-free service.
Internet is one mode of connecting people. It has brought people from across the globe much closer. Gone are the days when you would use inland letters for expressing your feelings for your beloved or sending important information to a client from overseas. World wide web has brought about a revolution in the field of telecommunication by providing a platform for VoIP telephony.
VoIP service or voice over Internet protocol utilises Internet for call termination unlike fixed line phones or PSTN (public switch telephony network) which transmits calls via optical fiber wires. Few basics of this service are given below.
1. It works on packet switching capabilities and not circuit based thereby it is much more efficient than fixed line telephone network. Packet switching capabilities mean that it helps the voice packets take the route which is least congested. As a result there is no issue of latency or jitters.
2. VoIP call termination service uses a single network for terminating voice, video and data. As a result the resources are better utilised.
3. Since it functions mainly on the Internet which is relatively much cheaper than cables which have to be put across different locations to enable calling, the call tariff is very less. You can end up saving more than half of what you pay right now as your telephony bill!
4. With minimum hardware required by VoIP services, the cost of operations is further reduced.
Switching over to voice over IP is undoubtedly a great idea. However one should always do proper research by reading VoIP service reviews for instance, before selecting any particular VoIP service provider to ensure consistent and hassle-free service.
Document Imaging and Processing Typically Go Together
Document Image Processing can be for different purposes.
For example, the processing might be nothing more than cleaning up the document. Typical documents often contain punch holes, black borders, undesired lines, and so on. There are document-cleaning tools that can remove these from the document images after they are scanned. Document cleaning software can also allow users to specify what to do about such elements in scanned images.
Other kinds of cleaning up include:
These and other cleaning tools can be automated by specifying minimum and/or maximum sizes of the elements to be removed.
Major Image Processing Tasks
In the case of text documents, document imaging produces images that humans can read, but machines can't. For making these documents searchable by using the typed words, the text characters on the images need to be converted into a machine-readable format.
This conversion is done using technologies such as OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition). Even hand-printed characters can be recognized to some extent by these technologies.
This kind of conversion is also needed for the purpose of making the document images editable.
Once the images of text documents have been made machine-readable, the next, typical document imaging process is to index them. Indexing makes the documents searchable. Full-text indexing makes them searchable by any word in the document.
Full-text indexing takes up lots of storage space and an alternative is to index by tags and meta descriptions. Tags are words that typify the document's content. Descriptions give short summaries of the content.
The processing of the document images can go even further. Based on programmed specifications, the documents can be categorized and stored in appropriate repositories.
In short, document image processing can facilitate content management by converting paper documents into categorized content ready to be queried by users, all in a matter of minutes with minimal human intervention.
There are mailroom processors that can extract documents from envelopes and then go on to process the documents as above. With this kind of a facility, a single operator can manage mail volumes formerly handled by many clerks, and also go significantly further in the content-management process than the clerks.
Conclusion
Document imaging and processing typically go together. The processing can be simple tasks like removing undesired elements such as distortions and black borders or complex tasks such as converting text images into machine-readable characters and indexing the content.
For example, the processing might be nothing more than cleaning up the document. Typical documents often contain punch holes, black borders, undesired lines, and so on. There are document-cleaning tools that can remove these from the document images after they are scanned. Document cleaning software can also allow users to specify what to do about such elements in scanned images.
Other kinds of cleaning up include:
- Straightening askew images
- Removing borders that exceed given noise-tolerance specifications
- Smoothing nicks and bumps distorting scanned text characters
- Converting white text on black to black text on white
These and other cleaning tools can be automated by specifying minimum and/or maximum sizes of the elements to be removed.
Major Image Processing Tasks
In the case of text documents, document imaging produces images that humans can read, but machines can't. For making these documents searchable by using the typed words, the text characters on the images need to be converted into a machine-readable format.
This conversion is done using technologies such as OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition). Even hand-printed characters can be recognized to some extent by these technologies.
This kind of conversion is also needed for the purpose of making the document images editable.
Once the images of text documents have been made machine-readable, the next, typical document imaging process is to index them. Indexing makes the documents searchable. Full-text indexing makes them searchable by any word in the document.
Full-text indexing takes up lots of storage space and an alternative is to index by tags and meta descriptions. Tags are words that typify the document's content. Descriptions give short summaries of the content.
The processing of the document images can go even further. Based on programmed specifications, the documents can be categorized and stored in appropriate repositories.
In short, document image processing can facilitate content management by converting paper documents into categorized content ready to be queried by users, all in a matter of minutes with minimal human intervention.
There are mailroom processors that can extract documents from envelopes and then go on to process the documents as above. With this kind of a facility, a single operator can manage mail volumes formerly handled by many clerks, and also go significantly further in the content-management process than the clerks.
Conclusion
Document imaging and processing typically go together. The processing can be simple tasks like removing undesired elements such as distortions and black borders or complex tasks such as converting text images into machine-readable characters and indexing the content.
How Automotive GPS Systems Work
In recent times driving has become all the more simpler and exciting with the use of navigation systems such as automotive GPS systems. The time where you worried about getting to your intended destination is long gone because the automotive GPS system ensures that you get to your destination in due course without roaming about aimlessly and straying from your intended course. Honda was the first vehicle company to create the automotive navigation system as far back as the early 1980s, at that time a device known as an accelerometer was used in order to determine precise locations as the means to use GPS systems werent available. Nowadays you have a lot of popular vendors selling automotive GPS systems as well as other navigation systems and you are free to make an independent choice.
For those who have no detailed understanding of how automotive GPS systems work, they should understand that these systems make use of satellite signals in order to determine the precise location of a vehicle. Not all automotive navigation systems make use of GPS technology and certain differences exist with other GPS systems that use data on your precise position to superimpose it on a map and determine your particular location.
Different aspects make up a complete navigation system. These different components are the aerial view of the map which changes according to the motion of the vehicle; this component is easily the most crucial component, distance gauge, distance numbers as well as the next curves birds eye view in order to protect you from harm.
Navigation systems make use of road databases which contain a complete listing of the names and addresses of different locations which are stored as geographical coordinates. Any information that requires updating is supplied through internet technology as the vehicles moves from one particular location to the other. It also has a vector map of a particular area which ensures that it is easy to find a person or business if you have their particular name or address.
Databases which are employed in such systems can be easily kept on storage media such as hard disks or by using certain memory known as read only memory. Read only memory comes directly programmed from a factory or stored on other optical storage media devices such as CDs and DVDs. Base maps are usually stored constantly in the memory of the device because they dont change. The base maps are used to provide precise and accurate information about any current location that a user may find themselves in or which they may be interested in. Systems exist which allow for a combination of all these elements.
History has it that the navigation system that was primarily created to function with GPS was developed by Pioneer in the year 1990. Nowadays GPS navigation systems have come a very long way. You can use them not only to determine your location but to locate other essential services such as gas stations, restaurants and motels. Auxiliary functions which include messaging capabilities and the ability to watch DVDs may also come included.
For those who have no detailed understanding of how automotive GPS systems work, they should understand that these systems make use of satellite signals in order to determine the precise location of a vehicle. Not all automotive navigation systems make use of GPS technology and certain differences exist with other GPS systems that use data on your precise position to superimpose it on a map and determine your particular location.
Different aspects make up a complete navigation system. These different components are the aerial view of the map which changes according to the motion of the vehicle; this component is easily the most crucial component, distance gauge, distance numbers as well as the next curves birds eye view in order to protect you from harm.
Navigation systems make use of road databases which contain a complete listing of the names and addresses of different locations which are stored as geographical coordinates. Any information that requires updating is supplied through internet technology as the vehicles moves from one particular location to the other. It also has a vector map of a particular area which ensures that it is easy to find a person or business if you have their particular name or address.
Databases which are employed in such systems can be easily kept on storage media such as hard disks or by using certain memory known as read only memory. Read only memory comes directly programmed from a factory or stored on other optical storage media devices such as CDs and DVDs. Base maps are usually stored constantly in the memory of the device because they dont change. The base maps are used to provide precise and accurate information about any current location that a user may find themselves in or which they may be interested in. Systems exist which allow for a combination of all these elements.
History has it that the navigation system that was primarily created to function with GPS was developed by Pioneer in the year 1990. Nowadays GPS navigation systems have come a very long way. You can use them not only to determine your location but to locate other essential services such as gas stations, restaurants and motels. Auxiliary functions which include messaging capabilities and the ability to watch DVDs may also come included.
CD And DVD Duplication: An Untreated Threat
We are still used to the process of CD or DVD duplicating which a time is taking process and if we need more CDs or DVDs to burn, then its a nightmare. This problem can be solved by the best use of the processes of CD/DVD duplicators that are available in the market. This is a growing market with the increase of services. Especially for our small companies if there is a need to make copies of any software or any material to send to our clients, or to distribute to our employees then the valuable resources of time and human resource are wasted.
The CDs/DVDs duplication machines save a lot of time by duplicating more number of CDs and DVDs with automatic machines that use robotic arms, which reduces the manual process.
CD/DVD duplication is a method of generating CDs and CD-ROMs by writing empty CD-R discs in a CD-R drive on a PC or by using a CD duplicator. We can also define the CDs/DVDs duplication as, the replica of the optical media through a process of copying. In general we refer it as creating discs to limited extent, which is a contradictory concept to the large-scale process of replication. The content that is required to copy is usually, duplicated to existing record able CDs or DVDs media.
CD Duplication is typical process, where the lesser amount of CDs and DVDs are manufactured at present. The information contained in the CD-R or DVD-R is thus, loaded into the burners. And, your all information is extracted from the source in digital form, generally the CD-R, CD-RW, DVD+R, and DVD+RW will transfer in to the empty discs. The information that is transferred is thus typically verified moreover the disc will then accepted / rejected.
Also, with the increase of advance technology and reasonable price in information technology, many companies are offering similar level of CDs and DVDs duplication services.
The process of CD/DVD duplication is done in two methods. One process is a manual process and another one is automatic. The manual process is used for those who require less CDs or DVDs to duplicate. The automatic process is used by those who need more number of CD/DVD duplicates to be done in a much faster way.
No wonder, with the DVD duplicators we can make the second copy of CDs within 3 to 4 minutes. The automatic CD/DVD duplicators use robotic arms to transfer blank discs from one spindle to another, which facilitates the work instead of manual transferring. By using suction picker or mechanical picker the CDs or DVDs are transferred from one spindle to another. This is a better method of duplicating CDs and DVDs in bulk.
There are many companies that offer cheap services of CD/DVD duplicating process. Most of the services are available on the Internet and the orders can be given online. We can compare the products, their features and the prices to choose the best CD/DVD duplicating machines. Depending on the use and requirements the best machine should be selected or can hire the services if it is not needed.
The CDs/DVDs duplication machines save a lot of time by duplicating more number of CDs and DVDs with automatic machines that use robotic arms, which reduces the manual process.
CD/DVD duplication is a method of generating CDs and CD-ROMs by writing empty CD-R discs in a CD-R drive on a PC or by using a CD duplicator. We can also define the CDs/DVDs duplication as, the replica of the optical media through a process of copying. In general we refer it as creating discs to limited extent, which is a contradictory concept to the large-scale process of replication. The content that is required to copy is usually, duplicated to existing record able CDs or DVDs media.
CD Duplication is typical process, where the lesser amount of CDs and DVDs are manufactured at present. The information contained in the CD-R or DVD-R is thus, loaded into the burners. And, your all information is extracted from the source in digital form, generally the CD-R, CD-RW, DVD+R, and DVD+RW will transfer in to the empty discs. The information that is transferred is thus typically verified moreover the disc will then accepted / rejected.
Also, with the increase of advance technology and reasonable price in information technology, many companies are offering similar level of CDs and DVDs duplication services.
The process of CD/DVD duplication is done in two methods. One process is a manual process and another one is automatic. The manual process is used for those who require less CDs or DVDs to duplicate. The automatic process is used by those who need more number of CD/DVD duplicates to be done in a much faster way.
No wonder, with the DVD duplicators we can make the second copy of CDs within 3 to 4 minutes. The automatic CD/DVD duplicators use robotic arms to transfer blank discs from one spindle to another, which facilitates the work instead of manual transferring. By using suction picker or mechanical picker the CDs or DVDs are transferred from one spindle to another. This is a better method of duplicating CDs and DVDs in bulk.
There are many companies that offer cheap services of CD/DVD duplicating process. Most of the services are available on the Internet and the orders can be given online. We can compare the products, their features and the prices to choose the best CD/DVD duplicating machines. Depending on the use and requirements the best machine should be selected or can hire the services if it is not needed.
Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE)
The Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) is the highest level of professional certification that Cisco provides. CCIE was the first Cisco Certified qualification, and as such there were no other certifications that could be taken prior. The development of the associate and professional certifications was due to recognition of the fact that a CCIE is over kill for many networking personnel, and also for the vast majority of businesses who employ such people, and that certifications needed to be offered at lower levels. Despite the development of the lower certifications, Cisco has chosen not to make them formal requirements for the CCIE certification.
The CCIE what CISCO describes as its "premium networking certification" is widely regarded as having one of the toughest, most demanding exams. It includes both a written exam and a day-long lab exam. This certification is aimed at senior level networking professionals who design, build, implement, maintain, or troubleshoot complex enterprise networking infrastructures. CCIE recipients can specialize in routing and switching, communications and services, security, or voice systems and technologies. CCIE Routing & Switching Routing and Switching is by far the most popular track, and covers a wide range of subjects, such as: LAN, WAN, Ethernet, TCP/IP, OSPF and BGP,IPv6 and many more. CCIE Security The Security track concentrates on network security and covers subjects such as ASA, IDS, IOS security, security and many others. CCIE Service Provider The Service Provider track focuses on networking in the service provider industry. Subjects include Optical networks, DSL, WAN switching, Voice over IP, Content Networking, Broadband Cable and Metro Ethernet. CCIE Voice The Voice track concentrates on voice solutions for the enterprise and includes subjects such as QoS, MGCP, Call Manager (Cisco's VoIP PABX), Cisco Unity (Cisco's Unified Messaging platform), Unity Express and IP Contact Center Express. CCIE Storage Networking The latest addition to the CCIEcertification tracks is the CCIE Storage Networking track. As the name suggests, the Storage Networking track concentrates on storage networking topics, such as Fiber Channel, iSCSI, FCIP, Intra VSAN Routing and FICON.
The CCIE what CISCO describes as its "premium networking certification" is widely regarded as having one of the toughest, most demanding exams. It includes both a written exam and a day-long lab exam. This certification is aimed at senior level networking professionals who design, build, implement, maintain, or troubleshoot complex enterprise networking infrastructures. CCIE recipients can specialize in routing and switching, communications and services, security, or voice systems and technologies. CCIE Routing & Switching Routing and Switching is by far the most popular track, and covers a wide range of subjects, such as: LAN, WAN, Ethernet, TCP/IP, OSPF and BGP,IPv6 and many more. CCIE Security The Security track concentrates on network security and covers subjects such as ASA, IDS, IOS security, security and many others. CCIE Service Provider The Service Provider track focuses on networking in the service provider industry. Subjects include Optical networks, DSL, WAN switching, Voice over IP, Content Networking, Broadband Cable and Metro Ethernet. CCIE Voice The Voice track concentrates on voice solutions for the enterprise and includes subjects such as QoS, MGCP, Call Manager (Cisco's VoIP PABX), Cisco Unity (Cisco's Unified Messaging platform), Unity Express and IP Contact Center Express. CCIE Storage Networking The latest addition to the CCIEcertification tracks is the CCIE Storage Networking track. As the name suggests, the Storage Networking track concentrates on storage networking topics, such as Fiber Channel, iSCSI, FCIP, Intra VSAN Routing and FICON.
Efficient Methods of Diagnosing Strep Throat
The efficiency of existing treatments in curing strep throat strongly depends on the accuracy and speed of diagnosis. In case the diagnosis is inaccurate or established late, the patients are exposed to the risks of receiving the wrong treatment (resulting in increased resistance of the bacterial strains involved in causing strep throat to medications) and of developing serious complications. The treatment of strep throat most often involves the use of antibiotics, medications that play a crucial role in eradicating the causative bacteria and preventing the occurrence of a variety of complications (acute rheumatic fever, kidney disease, coronary disease).
Considering the fact that strep throat (inflammation and infection of the pharynx with Group A hemolytic streptococcus bacteria) sometimes produces symptoms that are very similar to those of sore throat - the viral form of acute pharyngitis (inflammation and infection of the pharynx), doctors may confuse between the two, prescribing the inappropriate treatment and rendering patients more susceptible to developing complications.
In order to accurately separate between viral acute pharyngitis (the common sore throat and strep throat, doctors cant always rely solely on clinical examinations and patients reports of symptoms. In order to find whether the cause of pharyngitis is infection with viruses or bacteria, doctors often choose to perform more conclusive tests. The recommended supportive tests consist of throat culture and the antigen test.
Although the antigen test is quicker to perform, it is also less precise and therefore doctors may perform the throat culture test even when the results of the antigen test are negative. By performing both tests together, doctors can find conclusive data regarding the nature and the exact type of the infectious organism involved in causing acute pharyngitis. However, a good alternative to this combination of tests is the newly introduced optical immunoassay test (OIA), which is very sensitive and quick to perform.
Apart from these microbial tests, the diagnosis guidelines developed by the American College of Physicians (ACP) can also help doctors distinguish between cases of sore throat and cases of strep throat. These guidelines link the probability of Group A hemolytic streptococcus pharyngitis to the following clinical findings: tender anterior cervical adenopathy, tonsillar exudates, complete absence of cough and the presence of fever (bacterial infections are often associated with high fever, sweating and chills). These guidelines are considered to be very effective in diagnosing patients with strep throat and can in most cases replace microbial tests such as pharyngeal exudates, antigen tests and optical immunoassay.
Considering the fact that strep throat (inflammation and infection of the pharynx with Group A hemolytic streptococcus bacteria) sometimes produces symptoms that are very similar to those of sore throat - the viral form of acute pharyngitis (inflammation and infection of the pharynx), doctors may confuse between the two, prescribing the inappropriate treatment and rendering patients more susceptible to developing complications.
In order to accurately separate between viral acute pharyngitis (the common sore throat and strep throat, doctors cant always rely solely on clinical examinations and patients reports of symptoms. In order to find whether the cause of pharyngitis is infection with viruses or bacteria, doctors often choose to perform more conclusive tests. The recommended supportive tests consist of throat culture and the antigen test.
Although the antigen test is quicker to perform, it is also less precise and therefore doctors may perform the throat culture test even when the results of the antigen test are negative. By performing both tests together, doctors can find conclusive data regarding the nature and the exact type of the infectious organism involved in causing acute pharyngitis. However, a good alternative to this combination of tests is the newly introduced optical immunoassay test (OIA), which is very sensitive and quick to perform.
Apart from these microbial tests, the diagnosis guidelines developed by the American College of Physicians (ACP) can also help doctors distinguish between cases of sore throat and cases of strep throat. These guidelines link the probability of Group A hemolytic streptococcus pharyngitis to the following clinical findings: tender anterior cervical adenopathy, tonsillar exudates, complete absence of cough and the presence of fever (bacterial infections are often associated with high fever, sweating and chills). These guidelines are considered to be very effective in diagnosing patients with strep throat and can in most cases replace microbial tests such as pharyngeal exudates, antigen tests and optical immunoassay.
Protect Your Family From The Dangers of Smoke and Fire
Many people are hurt, lose their possessions and die because of fire. Although fire can easily be prevented it is one of the leading causes of injury at home in the United States. In some cases where individuals die of fire, it is because they were not aware that their house or the building that they occupy is on fire.
Fire alarm systems warn people of a potential fire. It warns the occupant while they still have time to either put out the fire or evacuate to safety. Most of today's fire alarm systems automatically call or notify the nearest fire department so that the fire will not spread out of control. Fire alarms are either set off manually or by heat detectors or smoke detectors.
Fire alarms are most of the time set to detect levels of heat or smoke which usually is an indication of fire. Many fire detection systems come equipped with flashing and blinking strobe lights for people who are hearing handicapped. Due to modern technology, fire prevention alarms are now incorporated with residential burglar alarm systems for the greatest protection and the best safeguarding of an individual's residence.
Smoke alarms are a component of any well designed fire prevention system, they sense smoke in the atmosphere of the room, closet or hall of a residence or public building and activate an alarm thus warning people nearby of a possible fire. Smoke alarms sense smoke today either by ionization or optical detection. Many smoke alarms also have carbon monoxide sensors that detect high levels of CO gas thereby providing protection from carbon monoxide poisoning.
The optical detector in smoke detectors is a light sensor which uses a beam like laser. These beam sensors then sends a laser like beam to other sensors, if smoke is non-existent, the laser like beam passes through the optical chamber of the light sensor in a straight line. If smoke is present, the laser like beam is scattered by the smoke particles as it enters the light sensor and the scattered light then triggers the alarm of the smoke alarm.
Ionization detectors are much cheaper than light detectors, although these types of smoke detectors are discouraged from being used because of environmental reasons. Ionization detectors work by detecting particles of smoke by a small amount of radioactive "americium-241" (that is why it is discouraged from being used). This radiated material goes through an ionization compartment. This chamber permits the steady flow of current of electrodes, so that when smoke particles enter this chamber it interrupts the flow thus setting the alarm off.
Some fire alarm systems have sprinkler system that will contain or put out the fire before it becomes uncontrollable. However the only way to prevent fire is to take steps to be careful and take additional preventive measures.
Fire alarm systems warn people of a potential fire. It warns the occupant while they still have time to either put out the fire or evacuate to safety. Most of today's fire alarm systems automatically call or notify the nearest fire department so that the fire will not spread out of control. Fire alarms are either set off manually or by heat detectors or smoke detectors.
Fire alarms are most of the time set to detect levels of heat or smoke which usually is an indication of fire. Many fire detection systems come equipped with flashing and blinking strobe lights for people who are hearing handicapped. Due to modern technology, fire prevention alarms are now incorporated with residential burglar alarm systems for the greatest protection and the best safeguarding of an individual's residence.
Smoke alarms are a component of any well designed fire prevention system, they sense smoke in the atmosphere of the room, closet or hall of a residence or public building and activate an alarm thus warning people nearby of a possible fire. Smoke alarms sense smoke today either by ionization or optical detection. Many smoke alarms also have carbon monoxide sensors that detect high levels of CO gas thereby providing protection from carbon monoxide poisoning.
The optical detector in smoke detectors is a light sensor which uses a beam like laser. These beam sensors then sends a laser like beam to other sensors, if smoke is non-existent, the laser like beam passes through the optical chamber of the light sensor in a straight line. If smoke is present, the laser like beam is scattered by the smoke particles as it enters the light sensor and the scattered light then triggers the alarm of the smoke alarm.
Ionization detectors are much cheaper than light detectors, although these types of smoke detectors are discouraged from being used because of environmental reasons. Ionization detectors work by detecting particles of smoke by a small amount of radioactive "americium-241" (that is why it is discouraged from being used). This radiated material goes through an ionization compartment. This chamber permits the steady flow of current of electrodes, so that when smoke particles enter this chamber it interrupts the flow thus setting the alarm off.
Some fire alarm systems have sprinkler system that will contain or put out the fire before it becomes uncontrollable. However the only way to prevent fire is to take steps to be careful and take additional preventive measures.
2007年12月5日星期三
Aviator Sunglasses
Aviator sunglasses are characterized by their oval shaped lenses that narrow towards the bridge of the nose. Aviators are one of the oldest designs of sunglasses and still the most commonly preferred all over the world. When it comes to sunglasses, aviators are considered classics.
Aviator sunglasses were designed in 1936 for military use. The seemingly humble pair of aviator sunglasses was, in fact, useful gear for the armies in the Second World War. Since then, they have evolved greatly and contemporary aviator sunglasses are trendier and sleeker, with additional features like photo-chromatic lenses and gradient lenses.
Aviators are androgynous, meaning that both men and women can wear them. They are usually preferred in black and brown tinged lenses, but green, blue, gray, and violet lenses are also quite popular. They also come in a variety of frames, with gold plated frames being the most favored. The frame of these glasses is very lightweight and thin so as not to add to the overall weight. Plastic frames are less expensive but do not look as dynamic. Aviator sunglasses may have one or two bridges over the nose to connect the two oval lenses.
Lenses of aviator sunglasses can be made of polycarbonate plastic or glass. Plastic reduces the weight of the lens, but glass is more scratch-resistant. The lenses not only block most of the sunrays from entering and harming the cornea, but they also block out harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Though the primary objective of the aviator sunglasses was something altogether different, today they are used mostly as a fashion accessory. Pop stars and movie stars throughout the ages have popularized aviator sunglasses. They are ideal for blocking out the sun on beaches, golf courses, and summer picnics. A good pair of aviator sunglasses does not create any optical distortion and provide healthy protection for eyes from intensely bright sunlight.
Aviator sunglasses generally cost upwards from $50 and the cost may go up to $100 or more depending on the brand manufacturing them. Ray-Ban, Oakley, Dior, and all other popular brands have their own designs of aviator sunglasses.
Aviator sunglasses were designed in 1936 for military use. The seemingly humble pair of aviator sunglasses was, in fact, useful gear for the armies in the Second World War. Since then, they have evolved greatly and contemporary aviator sunglasses are trendier and sleeker, with additional features like photo-chromatic lenses and gradient lenses.
Aviators are androgynous, meaning that both men and women can wear them. They are usually preferred in black and brown tinged lenses, but green, blue, gray, and violet lenses are also quite popular. They also come in a variety of frames, with gold plated frames being the most favored. The frame of these glasses is very lightweight and thin so as not to add to the overall weight. Plastic frames are less expensive but do not look as dynamic. Aviator sunglasses may have one or two bridges over the nose to connect the two oval lenses.
Lenses of aviator sunglasses can be made of polycarbonate plastic or glass. Plastic reduces the weight of the lens, but glass is more scratch-resistant. The lenses not only block most of the sunrays from entering and harming the cornea, but they also block out harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Though the primary objective of the aviator sunglasses was something altogether different, today they are used mostly as a fashion accessory. Pop stars and movie stars throughout the ages have popularized aviator sunglasses. They are ideal for blocking out the sun on beaches, golf courses, and summer picnics. A good pair of aviator sunglasses does not create any optical distortion and provide healthy protection for eyes from intensely bright sunlight.
Aviator sunglasses generally cost upwards from $50 and the cost may go up to $100 or more depending on the brand manufacturing them. Ray-Ban, Oakley, Dior, and all other popular brands have their own designs of aviator sunglasses.
All about USB Flash Drives
Out of all the components in a computer, one of the most important is the data storage device. With more and more data being generated, there is an increasing demand for better data storage devices.
Data storage technology has improved in leaps and bounds over the last decade. Firstly, there has been a dramatic increase in the capacity of storage devices such as DVD, CD and even Floppy disks. Secondly, numerous new storage devices have been introduced, some of them completely solid state (no moving parts) like CD, DVD, flash drives, zip drives and memory cards. Thirdly, the technology has moved from a mere magnetic storage to optical and magneto-optical drives.
Even the hard disk which traditionally meant a stationary or fixed storage device is becoming removable. The storage devices are coming in many forms: traditional discs of varying sizes from 5 to even 0.3, key chain devices (flash drives) and stamp size memory cards.
They are no longer used with PCs alone but also with cameras, mobile handsets, PDAs, MP3 devices, Auto PCs and GPS devices.
The information stored is not just programmes or data. It includes songs, movie clippings, video clippings, photographs or maps. Also, with medical imaging equipment going digital, very soon the content could be ultrasound, X- ray, MRI or CT scan images.
The personal storage technology has improved out of the need to provide faster, larger and better storage facility. There are four goals leading this phenomenal growth. First is to push the limits of packaging density so that one can store more data in less space. Second tries to make them more reliable with long life. The third goal is to consume less and less electrical power and the fourth, of course, is to make the devices more affordable.
Data storage memory is primarily of two types. The primary memory is the volatile memory and is erasable. The secondary memory is non-volatile and is of a more permanent nature. Basically, when talking about the data storage devices, it is generally assumed to be about the secondary memory.
Secondary memory is used to store data permanently in the computer. The secondary storage devices are usually as follows:
Hard Disk Drive: This is the most common type and is used in almost all computers. The others include the floppy disk drive, the CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, and the flash memory (USB data card).
Out of these, the USB flash drive is playing an important role in the market. The high points of a USB flash drive are its size and capacity. It actually behaves like a portable hard drive. It can be used for transferring the data and also for the backup or archiving of small but essential data.
Each USB drive is made up of a case of tough plastic or metal containing a printed circuit board that contains NAND flash memory to store digital data. The entire assembly has a single USB connector which is inserted into a USB port when in use. USB drive offers solid state memory.
Data storage technology has improved in leaps and bounds over the last decade. Firstly, there has been a dramatic increase in the capacity of storage devices such as DVD, CD and even Floppy disks. Secondly, numerous new storage devices have been introduced, some of them completely solid state (no moving parts) like CD, DVD, flash drives, zip drives and memory cards. Thirdly, the technology has moved from a mere magnetic storage to optical and magneto-optical drives.
Even the hard disk which traditionally meant a stationary or fixed storage device is becoming removable. The storage devices are coming in many forms: traditional discs of varying sizes from 5 to even 0.3, key chain devices (flash drives) and stamp size memory cards.
They are no longer used with PCs alone but also with cameras, mobile handsets, PDAs, MP3 devices, Auto PCs and GPS devices.
The information stored is not just programmes or data. It includes songs, movie clippings, video clippings, photographs or maps. Also, with medical imaging equipment going digital, very soon the content could be ultrasound, X- ray, MRI or CT scan images.
The personal storage technology has improved out of the need to provide faster, larger and better storage facility. There are four goals leading this phenomenal growth. First is to push the limits of packaging density so that one can store more data in less space. Second tries to make them more reliable with long life. The third goal is to consume less and less electrical power and the fourth, of course, is to make the devices more affordable.
Data storage memory is primarily of two types. The primary memory is the volatile memory and is erasable. The secondary memory is non-volatile and is of a more permanent nature. Basically, when talking about the data storage devices, it is generally assumed to be about the secondary memory.
Secondary memory is used to store data permanently in the computer. The secondary storage devices are usually as follows:
Hard Disk Drive: This is the most common type and is used in almost all computers. The others include the floppy disk drive, the CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, and the flash memory (USB data card).
Out of these, the USB flash drive is playing an important role in the market. The high points of a USB flash drive are its size and capacity. It actually behaves like a portable hard drive. It can be used for transferring the data and also for the backup or archiving of small but essential data.
Each USB drive is made up of a case of tough plastic or metal containing a printed circuit board that contains NAND flash memory to store digital data. The entire assembly has a single USB connector which is inserted into a USB port when in use. USB drive offers solid state memory.
Venture Into Internet Phone Service To Earn More!
We have been using fixed line telephones or PSTN (public switch telephony network) for more than a decade now. Excellent quality and reliability are two features that sets it apart from other forms of communication and has kept its users satisfied till now. However with changing times the need and requirement of people too have changed. Owing to globalisation frequent long distance international calls are quiet common. In such a scenario making calls using PSTN can prove to be quiet expensive on your wallet.
When there is a need there is a solution too. This solution has arrived in the form of Internet phone service. Internet phone or PC to phone as it is often referred to as is, at present, one of the most cost effective as well as easy method of calling. As evident from the term itself, this one-of-its kind Internet phone service uses Internet or world wide web to transmit calls unlike PSTN which sends calls over optical fiber wires. It is primarily because of this reason that it helps to cut down on your telephony expenses to a whooping 40% and more!
Making Calls From PC To Phone
In order to make cheaper calls through your computer you just have to download a simple dialer from the internet; the link to the website would be provided by your service provider.
Next, simply put in your complete destination number(along with the country or area code) in the dialer and click on the dial button. Voila! In no time you are connected to your loved ones!
Making Money From Residential Phone Service
With increasingly large number of people opting for PC to phone service, it is the ideal time to become a service provider for the same to get the most out of this opportunity. However, you would need to make a huge investment in order to procure and maintain the infrastructure and the technical equipments needed to get into the broadband phone service business.
A better and more convenient option would be to search for a provider whose offering a ready made PC to phone service platform. This would not just save you from spending an exorbitant amount as capital but the operating cost too would be quiet affordable. This in turn would minimise the risk factor that comes along with every new venture that you take up.
How To Search For The Best Service Provider
Every provider of VoIP phone service offers different service. The best option for you would be to look out for a provider giving you ease of account activation and management facility so that there are no hiccups during the start up of your new venture. There are certain providers who give you the opportunity to sell the service on your brand thereby making it easier for you to capitalise on your band image.
Besides this one must ensure that you are being provided with online panel for creating and managing user accounts. This would help you to handle your business in a more organised and controlled manner.
When there is a need there is a solution too. This solution has arrived in the form of Internet phone service. Internet phone or PC to phone as it is often referred to as is, at present, one of the most cost effective as well as easy method of calling. As evident from the term itself, this one-of-its kind Internet phone service uses Internet or world wide web to transmit calls unlike PSTN which sends calls over optical fiber wires. It is primarily because of this reason that it helps to cut down on your telephony expenses to a whooping 40% and more!
Making Calls From PC To Phone
In order to make cheaper calls through your computer you just have to download a simple dialer from the internet; the link to the website would be provided by your service provider.
Next, simply put in your complete destination number(along with the country or area code) in the dialer and click on the dial button. Voila! In no time you are connected to your loved ones!
Making Money From Residential Phone Service
With increasingly large number of people opting for PC to phone service, it is the ideal time to become a service provider for the same to get the most out of this opportunity. However, you would need to make a huge investment in order to procure and maintain the infrastructure and the technical equipments needed to get into the broadband phone service business.
A better and more convenient option would be to search for a provider whose offering a ready made PC to phone service platform. This would not just save you from spending an exorbitant amount as capital but the operating cost too would be quiet affordable. This in turn would minimise the risk factor that comes along with every new venture that you take up.
How To Search For The Best Service Provider
Every provider of VoIP phone service offers different service. The best option for you would be to look out for a provider giving you ease of account activation and management facility so that there are no hiccups during the start up of your new venture. There are certain providers who give you the opportunity to sell the service on your brand thereby making it easier for you to capitalise on your band image.
Besides this one must ensure that you are being provided with online panel for creating and managing user accounts. This would help you to handle your business in a more organised and controlled manner.
2007年12月3日星期一
The Past And Present Of Computers
Computer (computador) is an appliance which can manipulate data in accordance with a list of instructions. It is a type of data processing system.
Today the computer (computador) has become indispensable in every household and comes in numerous physical forms. The first modern day computer was developed in the mid-20th century, though the concept of computer (computador) and various similar machines existed before. It actually started in 1837, when `The Analytical Engine`, the first fully programmable mechanical computer, was designed by Charles Babbage.
The Earlier versions were huge and bulky and used up a whole room. The device EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) was one of the very first computers that could implement the stored program architecture. In comparison to them, modern computers (computador) have tiny integrated circuits and are much better in terms of capacity and speed as well as accuracy. Today`s tinier version can even fit in your wrist watch and are powered from the watch battery. Personal computers can be found in almost every house today and in various forms. They are in fact the icons of the information age.
What makes computers (computador) highly versatile and distinguishable from other appliances is that it can be programmed. A calculator can only calculate, just like a washing machine can only wash, but a computer can be programmed to do any kind of job. Software programs are a list of instructions that can be stored and executed by the computer.
A general computer (computador) has four major sections, the arithmetic and logical unit or ALU, the control unit or CU, memory and the interface for input and output devices. These parts of computer are interconnected by busses. The ALU, control unit, registers, and the interface for input and output devices are collectively known as the central processing unit or CPU. The Early CPUs used to be composed of different separate components, however since the 1975; the CPUs are being constructed on a single integrated circuit, the microprocessor.
The ALU is for arithmetic and logical operations of the computer while the control unit is for directing the various parts of a computer (computador). Its job involves reading and interpreting the instructions of the programs one by one and converting them into control signals for operating other parts of the computer.
The earlier version of computer (computador) used Magnetic core memory but today it has been replaced by the semiconductor memory. The main memory of Computer is divided in two parts, RAM or random access memory and ROM or read-only memory. RAM can be written and read anytime through CPU commands. On the other hand, ROM is pre-loaded with software and data that never changes, and it can be only read by the CPU.
I/O is hardware by the means of which a computer(computador) can receive information from the outside world and also sends back results. Common input devices are the keyboard and mouse. While common output devices include monitor and printer. There are some devices that serve as both input and output devices like Hard disk drives, optical disc drives, floppy disk drives etc.
Today the computer (computador) has become indispensable in every household and comes in numerous physical forms. The first modern day computer was developed in the mid-20th century, though the concept of computer (computador) and various similar machines existed before. It actually started in 1837, when `The Analytical Engine`, the first fully programmable mechanical computer, was designed by Charles Babbage.
The Earlier versions were huge and bulky and used up a whole room. The device EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) was one of the very first computers that could implement the stored program architecture. In comparison to them, modern computers (computador) have tiny integrated circuits and are much better in terms of capacity and speed as well as accuracy. Today`s tinier version can even fit in your wrist watch and are powered from the watch battery. Personal computers can be found in almost every house today and in various forms. They are in fact the icons of the information age.
What makes computers (computador) highly versatile and distinguishable from other appliances is that it can be programmed. A calculator can only calculate, just like a washing machine can only wash, but a computer can be programmed to do any kind of job. Software programs are a list of instructions that can be stored and executed by the computer.
A general computer (computador) has four major sections, the arithmetic and logical unit or ALU, the control unit or CU, memory and the interface for input and output devices. These parts of computer are interconnected by busses. The ALU, control unit, registers, and the interface for input and output devices are collectively known as the central processing unit or CPU. The Early CPUs used to be composed of different separate components, however since the 1975; the CPUs are being constructed on a single integrated circuit, the microprocessor.
The ALU is for arithmetic and logical operations of the computer while the control unit is for directing the various parts of a computer (computador). Its job involves reading and interpreting the instructions of the programs one by one and converting them into control signals for operating other parts of the computer.
The earlier version of computer (computador) used Magnetic core memory but today it has been replaced by the semiconductor memory. The main memory of Computer is divided in two parts, RAM or random access memory and ROM or read-only memory. RAM can be written and read anytime through CPU commands. On the other hand, ROM is pre-loaded with software and data that never changes, and it can be only read by the CPU.
I/O is hardware by the means of which a computer(computador) can receive information from the outside world and also sends back results. Common input devices are the keyboard and mouse. While common output devices include monitor and printer. There are some devices that serve as both input and output devices like Hard disk drives, optical disc drives, floppy disk drives etc.
History And Uses Of Optical Microscopes
Optical microscopes use visible light and a system of lenses to magnify small samples that are usually un-seen to the bare eye. The optical microscope is the first, oldest and simples type of microscope (as opposed to the much more advanced electronic microscope). The first optical microscopes were created in the 18th century. Due to it's compact sizes, simplicity and relatively low price, the optical microscope is very popular, and can be found in use in many areas of biology. Optical microscopes mostly magnify objects for up to 1500 times.
The first optical microscopes were structured in a way that is called "the simple microscope". This structure utilizes only one pair of lenses to create a magnified image of the sample. Today, the simple structure is in use only in the magnifying glass, hand lens and the loupe.
The more advances optical microscopes, and the ones that are popular today, are what's called "compound optical microscopes". These microscopes use a system of many lenses, in order to "compound" and multiply the magnification, and therefore maximize it. The two main lens systems in an optical microscope are the objective lens (near the examined object), and the eyepiece lens (up near the eye of the scientist). Modern optical microscopes use multiple lenses both in the objective part as well as the eyepiece part. The old optical microscopes also used a mirror to provide illumination below the object. The modern optical microscopes use a strong lamp to provide constant and strong illumination.
So what are optical microscopes used for now a days? The main uses of compound optical microscopes include:
The examining small pieces of material, or even a smear or a squash preparation. This is due to the fact that the optical microscope uses light to pass beneath the object and enter the lenses. That's why the item is better be half-transparent. In other uses the optical microscope may be used to examine metal samples, in order to study the metal's structure. At low power, microscopes can be used to examine small living animals and plants. At high power, they can be used to examine bacteria.
It is important to note that the vast advancement in medicinal fields and biology in general, is owed to a large extent, to the invention of the optical microscopes. For example, the way the blood flows in our body was not fully understood until the microscope made in possible to examine small blood vessels behavior.
The first optical microscopes were structured in a way that is called "the simple microscope". This structure utilizes only one pair of lenses to create a magnified image of the sample. Today, the simple structure is in use only in the magnifying glass, hand lens and the loupe.
The more advances optical microscopes, and the ones that are popular today, are what's called "compound optical microscopes". These microscopes use a system of many lenses, in order to "compound" and multiply the magnification, and therefore maximize it. The two main lens systems in an optical microscope are the objective lens (near the examined object), and the eyepiece lens (up near the eye of the scientist). Modern optical microscopes use multiple lenses both in the objective part as well as the eyepiece part. The old optical microscopes also used a mirror to provide illumination below the object. The modern optical microscopes use a strong lamp to provide constant and strong illumination.
So what are optical microscopes used for now a days? The main uses of compound optical microscopes include:
The examining small pieces of material, or even a smear or a squash preparation. This is due to the fact that the optical microscope uses light to pass beneath the object and enter the lenses. That's why the item is better be half-transparent. In other uses the optical microscope may be used to examine metal samples, in order to study the metal's structure. At low power, microscopes can be used to examine small living animals and plants. At high power, they can be used to examine bacteria.
It is important to note that the vast advancement in medicinal fields and biology in general, is owed to a large extent, to the invention of the optical microscopes. For example, the way the blood flows in our body was not fully understood until the microscope made in possible to examine small blood vessels behavior.
Discount Apple Laptops
Apple provides a good range of laptops for students at discounted prices. The special online Apple store provides a 15% off the already low education pricing on selected Mac accessories and the requisite software if the students school or college joins Technology Rewards.
Technology Rewards provides funding for a school to invest in technical support services, expanded wireless networks, or any number of student-focused improvements for computing on campus.
One of the latest in Apples affordable and durable all-in-one computers designed specifically for education is the eMac. With the eMac, Apple provides a complete system with a 17-inch display, a powerful PowerPC G4 processor, and a SuperDrive option in a space-saving design to easily fit on a school desk. The eMac also saves a lot of classroom space as the whole computer comes in a single package with only one power cord and a slot-loading optical drive. The eMac is constructed from polycarbonate plastic so as to be strong enough for student use. The operating system provided with the eMac is Mac OS X Tiger. It is the most stable and easy-to-use computing environment for students. Since Mac OS X allows multiple users students can each have a personal account with customized settings.
Along with OS, eMac provides a multitude of software such as iLife 05, a web browser named Safari, Mail, iCal, iChat AV, AppleWorks and 2005 World Book Multimedia Reference Suite. Also, the eMac provides iLife 05 suite of digital media applications, which can be used to create professional-looking digital projects that include movies, music, sound, and text.
An AirPort Extreme Card can be added to the EMac to quickly and easily connect to the schools wireless network. Also, two 400Mbps FireWire ports and five USB ports are provided with the eMac, along with a modem and 100BASE-T Ethernet. A PowerPC G4 processor, which makes digital media creation faster, saving valuable classroom time, is included on the eMac.
The operating system Mac OS X Tiger make it easy to share files, send and receive emails, open enclosures, and send instant messages with a computer having the windows operating system. The main advantage is that eMac can be used to connect to both wired and wireless Mac and PC networks.
Apple provides three eMac options for schools. The price range starts from just $649. Students enrolled for higher education in U.S. higher education institutions are eligible for substantial discounts on Apple products.
Technology Rewards provides funding for a school to invest in technical support services, expanded wireless networks, or any number of student-focused improvements for computing on campus.
One of the latest in Apples affordable and durable all-in-one computers designed specifically for education is the eMac. With the eMac, Apple provides a complete system with a 17-inch display, a powerful PowerPC G4 processor, and a SuperDrive option in a space-saving design to easily fit on a school desk. The eMac also saves a lot of classroom space as the whole computer comes in a single package with only one power cord and a slot-loading optical drive. The eMac is constructed from polycarbonate plastic so as to be strong enough for student use. The operating system provided with the eMac is Mac OS X Tiger. It is the most stable and easy-to-use computing environment for students. Since Mac OS X allows multiple users students can each have a personal account with customized settings.
Along with OS, eMac provides a multitude of software such as iLife 05, a web browser named Safari, Mail, iCal, iChat AV, AppleWorks and 2005 World Book Multimedia Reference Suite. Also, the eMac provides iLife 05 suite of digital media applications, which can be used to create professional-looking digital projects that include movies, music, sound, and text.
An AirPort Extreme Card can be added to the EMac to quickly and easily connect to the schools wireless network. Also, two 400Mbps FireWire ports and five USB ports are provided with the eMac, along with a modem and 100BASE-T Ethernet. A PowerPC G4 processor, which makes digital media creation faster, saving valuable classroom time, is included on the eMac.
The operating system Mac OS X Tiger make it easy to share files, send and receive emails, open enclosures, and send instant messages with a computer having the windows operating system. The main advantage is that eMac can be used to connect to both wired and wireless Mac and PC networks.
Apple provides three eMac options for schools. The price range starts from just $649. Students enrolled for higher education in U.S. higher education institutions are eligible for substantial discounts on Apple products.
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